The Use of Computers in Agriculture: A Key to Improved Agricultural Productivity in the 21 st Century: A Review

This article reviewed the use of computer in agriculture as key to improved agricultural productivity in the 21 st century. Computer applications in agriculture is undoubtedly a key to enhanced agricultural output. Some of the areas in which computers can be applied in agriculture are as follows: farm land assessment, autonomous farm equipment's and tractors, farm software, internet forums, social networks and online data bases, E. agriculture, data mining, bioinformatics, remote sensing and geographic information system, precision agriculture and expert systems. These techniques are capable of coping with the variability and drudgery that is typical of agriculture aiming at increased agricultural intensification and greater yields. These computer techniques have great scope and linkage in robotics control for speedy agricultural activities such as in irrigation. Information technology opens the door on the use of computer technology throughout farming, from selective control of field operations to expert systems for crops, animals and farm process management.

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Agrometeorological information, used for decision making, represents part of a continuum; at the other end is scientific knowledge and understanding. Other components of this continuum are the collection of data and transforming data into useful information. Information has value when it is disseminated in such a way that the end-users get the maximum benefit in applying its content. This paper explores the potential of the new information and communications technologies to improve the access to agrometeorological information. The Internet will play an important role in the collection and transfer of information. In developing countries, Multi-Purpose Community Telecentres (MCTs) will be the equivalent of an information supermarket. Radio can be used to transfer information from MCTs to rural areas. Using response farming as an example, a prototype information system that can have wide applicability is suggested. Procedures on evaluating the impact of agrometeorological information are provided. Future concerns about the information needs of diverse end-users, information on a fee basis, and the training needs of end-users and intermediaries are discussed. Although modern technology has improved agrometeorological information and increased the number of end-users, continued improvements are necessary to ensure that the content of the information is adequate to fulfill the requirements of the farming communities.

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Journal of Food Quality

The world population is expected to reach over 9 billion by 2050, which will require an increase in agricultural and food production by 70% to fit the need, a serious challenge for the agri-food industry. Such requirement, in a context of resources scarcity, climate change, COVID-19 pandemic, and very harsh socioeconomic conjecture, is difficult to fulfill without the intervention of computational tools and forecasting strategy. Hereby, we report the importance of artificial intelligence and machine learning as a predictive multidisciplinary approach integration to improve the food and agriculture sector, yet with some limitations that should be considered by stakeholders.

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Advancements in information and communication technology has encouraged different businesses to transform their business processes into e-services to reduce input cost and increase profit. This change could also be seen in the field of agriculture where Information Communication Technologies have been integrated in agricultural operations to ease the job of farmers, reduce cultivation time, minimize input cost and protect environment from harmful chemicals. In this research, a systematic review is conducted to identify, collect, integrate, interpret and categorize information systems developed to provide automated support to farmers in the fields. The proposed systems are classified into four categories according to the services provided to the farmers. The study findings show that the proposed systems are developed by utilizing latest technologies however, the evaluation of such systems by end users i-e farmers is lacking from studies. Also, proposed systems are expensive and interfaces of these systems are complex to be used by semi-literate farmers. Therefore to make e-agriculture a success, there is need to develop user centered solutions that could be used by relevant community.

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Strengthening Operational Agrometeorological Services at the National Level

The Thirteenth Session of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM-XIII) of the World Meteorological Organization, held in October 2002 in Slovenia, considered the need to improve agrometeorological services to increase agricultural production and to conserve the environment. They identified this aspect as one of three priority areas to be addressed during the 2004-2007 period. CAgM-XIII recommended that an Inter-Regional Workshop on Strengthening Operational Agrometeorological Services at the National Level be organized. Accordingly, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) organized this Inter-Regional Workshop from March 22-26, 2004, in Manila, Philippines, at the kind invitation of the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). Twenty-eight participants from 19 countries, including the Philippines, attended the Workshop.

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… Services at the National Level _

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Agrometeorological information, used for decision making, represents part of a continuum; at the other end is scientific knowledge and understanding. Other components of this continuum are the collection of data and transforming data into useful information. Information has value when it is disseminated in such a way that the end-users get the maximum benefit in applying its content. This paper explores the potential of the new information and communications technologies to improve the access to agrometeorological information. The Internet will play an important role in the collection and transfer of information. In developing countries, MultiPurpose Community Telecentres (MCTs) will be the equivalent of an information supermarket. Radio can be used to transfer information from MCTs to rural areas. Using response farming as an example, a prototype information system that can have wide applicability is suggested. Procedures on evaluating the impact of agrometeorological information are provided. Future concerns about the information needs of diverse end-users, information on a fee basis, and the training needs of end-users and intermediaries are discussed. Although modern technology has improved agrometeorological information and increased the number of end-users, continued improvements are necessary to ensure that the content of the information is adequate to fulfill the requirements of the farming communities.

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Elsevier Computer Networks

Agriculture is by its nature a complicated scientific field, related to a wide range of expertise, skills, methods and processes which can be effectively supported by computerized systems. There have been many efforts towards the establishment of an automated agriculture framework, capable to control both the incoming data and the corresponding processes. The recent advances in the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) domain have the capability to collect, process and analyze data from different sources while materializing the concept of agriculture intelligence. The thriving environment for the implementation of different agriculture systems is justified by a series of technologies that offer the prospect of improving agricultural productivity through the intensive use of data. The concept of big data in agriculture is not exclusively related to big volume, but also on the variety and velocity of the collected data. Big data is a key concept for the future development of agriculture as it offers unprecedented capabilities and it enables various tools and services capable to change its current status. This survey paper covers the state-of-the-art agriculture systems and big data architectures both in research and commercial status in an effort to bridge the knowledge gap between agriculture systems and exploitation of big data. The first part of the paper is devoted to the exploration of the existing agriculture systems, providing the necessary background information for their evolution until they have reached the current status, able to support different platforms and handle multiple sources of information. The second part of the survey is focused on the exploitation of multiple sources of information, providing information for both the nature of the data and the combination of different sources of data in order to explore the full potential of ICT systems in agriculture.

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